Problems with sperm contribute to approximately 30% of infertility. Therefore, one of the first tests when a couple presents with inability to conceive is the semen analysis. In the semen analysis, several issues with sperm are looked at: sperm count (the number of sperm per volume, expressed as million per ml); motility (the percentage of sperm that are moving forward); morphology (the percentage of “normal-looking” sperm by strict criteria); acidity, viscosity, and the presence or absence of inflammation cells. Evaluation of the male by a qualified urologist experienced in male infertility should be offered as soon as significant abnormalities are detected in the semen analysis. In approximately 50% of cases where male factor is evaluated, the cause may be identified and treated. Fertility treatments are available even if the cause of male infertility cannot be identified or treated.
Causes of sperm count problems include:
Treatment of male infertility: